The key details of the pneumothorax treatment model are mainly reflected in two aspects: structural design and operation process, aiming to help medical students and clinical personnel master the skills of treating acute pneumothorax and enhance clinical emergency response capabilities.

Firstly, the model should realistically simulate the hierarchical structure of the chest wall, ribs, pleura and lung tissue, enabling trainees to accurately determine the puncture location through palpation. The key anatomical landmarks include the midclavicular line, the nipple line and the position of the intercostal space, which determine the safe entry points for thoracentesis and closed drainage.

Secondly, the model should have an operable chest cavity space and a "gas simulation device". When the needle or catheter enters the chest cavity, the resistance change can be felt and the effect of gas escape can be simulated, allowing trainees to experience the real operation feel. In terms of operational details, aseptic standards should be strictly followed. The costal space should be correctly selected, and the Angle and depth of the needle should be mastered to avoid damaging the costal blood vessels or nerves.

After the catheter is inserted, it should be able to release gas smoothly and maintain the unobstructed drainage of the pneumothorax. At the same time, the trainees need to learn to fix the catheter and observe the simulated "lung retraction" situation. After the training is completed, the model needs to be cleaned and reset to maintain its structural integrity. By mastering these key details, the pneumothorax treatment model not only helps learners establish a systematic operation process, but also enhances clinical judgment ability and emergency response level, providing a reliable foundation for real patient operations.